However, as mentioned above, other considerations can factor into the setback requirements, so it's always best to first contact the city's Zoning Review Division at 974-2380. 507-437-9950 Fax 507-437-7101 . If there is a reason that a submittal requirement is not met, please address why in this section. Any improvements covered by a license agreement will require permitting by Travis County, and will need to be included in a sealed engineered plan. Last edited by Austin97; 09-08-2021 at 07:23 AM.. 09-08-2021, 04:47 PM . yuzu liqueur cocktail recipe triangle with curved sides . Q: Do I need a permit to replace my roof? Existing topography of the site at a minimum of one (1) foot contour intervals and sufficient additional spot elevation points so that the existing drainage patterns can be clearly established. These standards are current as of the 2022 code update (Ord. Reliant Pools | Pool Builders in Austin Texas. Also, be sure to remember that any accessory building larger than 200 square feet will require a building plan review and permit, as will any electrical, plumbing, or mechanical work regardless of the structure's size. Cross-sections must include, at a minimum, existing grade, proposed grade, elevation at property line, property lines, edge of pool/deck limits, trench/French drain, etc. Posted on Junho 22, 2022; No Comments; things to do in clearwater, fl for bachelorette party . When adding a pool, impervious coverage is one of the first things your pool builder should inquire about before designing your pool. Draw flow arrow representing direction of stormwater runoff. [Sec. Plans submittal requirements 2 copies of a site plan or Property Survey of your property with dimensions indicating the location of the swimming pool on the property, including setback dimensions to property lines and structures AUSTIN, Texas While Texas Gov. The city's official website offers general development standards for residential and commercial properties at www.cityofaustin.org/development/zoning2.htm. You are urged to verify the current status and wording or content of any code provision or graphics contained herein against the official Code of the City of Arlington, Texas, before relying on any provision or graphic. Unfortunately, your shopping bag is empty. 58.986], Cannot be located in a drainage swale or any similar easement [Sec. City of Austin or Southwestern Bell does not cover content of essential utility companies in saint . Submision requirements: Re-Adopted March 22, 2019 . We have been in the fencing business for decades and are experienced in erecting all kinds of fences. May 14, 2022 Uncategorized . No. If there is not at least six (6) feet of common area abutting the rear of the individual unit area the rear setback within the individual unit area may only be reduced to the extent that at least (6) feet is maintained by combining the common area and the reduced setback. This section does not provide exception to any structures with any portion of the wall as solid other than a solid wall approved by a site plan for the overall development. The provisions of this section are separate from any regulations of an owner's association or other entity from which an owner must receive authorization for construction. Section 341.0645 - Pool Safety; Section 341.0695 - Interactive Water Features and Fountains; Section 1.005 - Definitions; Chapter 757 - Pool Yard Enclosures; Rules and Regulations Texas Administrative Code, Title 25. city of dallas pool setback requirements. <> The good news is, the water area of your pool will not count as impervious coverage. Such association authorization may include stipulations for a bond or other surety for restitution for potential damage to adjacent property or common area. A: Conditionally, yes. 23-83 - Setback Requirements - Swimming Pools. 0. Provide cross-sectional details between the pool and property line. city of austin setback requirementsjeepers creepers costume for adults. Call us at 1-800-252-8117 to learn more about how we can help you build design and install the fence that you want. The contractor must provide elevation survey stakes in all drainage swales and on-site retention areas to ensure swale and retention area depths are constructed per the approved plans. city of austin setback requirements city of austin setback requirements. The city of Austin defines a fence as "any partition, structure, or grate erected as a dividing marker, barrier, or enclosure." In the City of Austin, a residential and/or commercial property owner does not need a permit to erect a fence if the fence height is 6 feet tall or lower. That is why in tight areas, great design becomes an even more important approach to the form and function of your pool. The technical code local amendments are located in the City Code Chapter 25-12. Custom woodworking, furniture construction, or repair of Frisco & # x27 ; s application. Therefore, a permanent fence would require a building permit each and any time it is put in place. (d)A violation(s) of this section shall be prosecuted in accordance with, Skip to code content (skip section selection), COOPER CITY, FLORIDA MUNICIPAL CODE OF ORDINANCES, Sec. Clickherefor more information. ISR for each zoning district is listed in Ch. In some cases, the homeowner pool builder just didn't know or think pool permits would be required, and in other cases, they wanted to avoid hassle: fees, regulations, inspections, or an increase in property taxes. endobj For the zero lot line side of a zero lot line home or center common lot line of a duplex, the required setback for those lines may only be reduced to six (6) feet for a pool. The provisions of this section are separate from any regulations of an owner's association or other entity from which an owner must receive authorization, if any exist, for construction. You may wish to contact the Lawyer Referral Service of Central Texas, a non-profit public service of the Austin Bar Association, at 512-472-8303 or www.austinlrs.com. In no event shall a permit be issued for construction of a pool and/or screen enclosure that will encroach upon a utility easement. Exterior access to any swimming pool must be through a self-closing and self-latching gate with latches placed at least four feet above the underlying ground and operable from the interior of the swimming pool area only. We can help you with fence rules related to other cities outside of . Health and Safety Code. These rules are in place to protect public safety and property. 407.246.2121, Monday-Friday8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Provisions herein may have since been amended by the City Council. To the extent possible, avoid contact within six feet with individuals aged 65 and older. RELATED: Checklist: Texas pools must follow these guidelines when reopening. City mostly with this rdinance and accepted urban planning principles in accordance with blue City of Leander Comprehensive Plan. #112 Electrical Pool Steel Grounding Bonding of pool lights and pool steel. Many other pervious materials such as crushed granite, pervious pavers, and pervious concrete are not typically recognized by the city of Austin. Q: I want to rent my home on AirBnb, VRBO, HomeAway, etc. City Of Austin 500 Fourth Avenue N.E. endobj 58.986], Front setback: At least 10 ft. behind houses front faade [58.984], Side and rear setbacks: At least 2 ft. from property line [Sec. Survey must use Florida State Plane Coordinates, Zone Florida East, North American Datum of 1983 for the horizontal datum and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 for the vertical datum, with a reference to the horizontal control points and vertical benchmarks. Sandbar Happy Hour Menu. Can't keep up with happenings around town? 58.986], At least 10 ft. (horizontal) from overhead utilities and transmission tower anchors [Sec. 400 South Orange Avenue Openings under the pool enclosure may not allow a sphere four inches in diameter to pass under the pool enclosure. city of dallas pool setback requirements. Posted on 02/07/2022 by . 264 Ho Nghinh, Phuoc My, Son Tra, Da Nang Hotline: 0905 999 160 / 02363 555 979 deck only counts against you to to the tune of 500sqft. Posted on May 14, 2022 by . Fortunately, a dependable fencing company can take you through the process of acquiring the necessary permits. Sng t: 8h00 12h00 58, Part 5B(11) - Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs, Spas and Screen Enclosures, accessory structure setbacks (Sec. Generally, commercial properties have a lot more flexibility on the height of fence structures allowed by the City of Austin. A: Front yards must have a minimum required depth of thirty feet (30). The following is the recommended inspection sequence of the required inspections for a typical residential pool. Remember that a wood deck has a 50% multiplier, so a 1000sqft. Cha c sn phm trong gi hng. If elevated 3 ft. or more, follow accessory structure setbacks (Sec. In order to erect a fence in Austin, there are several city ordinances that must be followed. - Chnh sch i tr hng city of dallas pool setback requirements. First Adopted June 11, 1930 . Share on facebook. relationship, and any information submitted is subject to being included in future columns. So if you have a small amount of space for your outdoor living area, the right design should still be able to give you the form and function you desire. He said out of the 125 commercial pools he services, about half will reopen at 25% capacity on May 8. The pool itself cannot be located between the rear setback line and rear property line, however the decking or coping can extend into the rear setback as long as it is within ten feet (10) of the rear lot line, and five feet (5) of the side lot line. . A signed and notarized copy of the Pool Alarm Certification must be submitted. A. Your lot may be subject to additional easements such as storm water or right-of-way. You may wish to contact the Lawyer Referral Service of Central Texas, a non-profit public service of the Austin Bar Association, at 512-472-8303 or www.austinlrs.com. Please note that the English language version is the official version of the code. Other times more severe and costly remedies are required. The City of Round Rock contracts with Municipal Code Corporation, or Municode to maintain its code of ordinances. City ofRollingwood 58.986], At least 20 ft. from lake or wetland [Sec. Posted on May 14, 2022 by . Director of Permitting and Land Use: Joseph D. Griffith A.I.A City Planner/Executive Secretary to the Planning and Zoning Board: David B. Sulkis, AICP . city of austin pool setback requirements. Maximum 35% coverage of backyard. If real news is important to you, please consider making a donation of $5, $10 or whatever you can afford, to help keep our journalism on stands. Notifications can be turned off anytime in the browser settings. #340 Building Pool Steel & Ground Location of pool shell. It does not constitute, nor is it a substitute for, legal advice. A. The size of your building including sidewalks, patios, driveways, and anything impervious to water seeping into the ground is set at a maximum of 45% of the total lot size. during construction of pool. If such distancing is not feasible, other measures such as face-covering, hand hygiene, cough etiquette, cleanliness, and sanitation should be rigorously practiced. A: A pool can be positioned behind the home, or in a side yard that does not border a street. Austin, Texas 78701 . x[_o8\4HoX v{Y&=`-'k>}hpXkKp83d:_cb_l~>EZe1;,j|,]ed?{~gYn-pc+n~}a///.v.L\Ou]6{{yF/<7X$s]ENqtbv8lv8,7L&AYY|C'>l4{CbNb7. New Residential Submissions - Check List . Side & Rear (wood deck, elevated): 5 ft. Street side of corner lots: Setbacks are the same as for a principal structure. Consistent with the actions taken by many individuals across the state, consider wearing cloth face coverings (over the nose and mouth) at a park, beach, river, or lake when within six feet of another person who is not a member of the individuals group. Take completed plans to: Houston Permitting Center. The customer does not apply for this permit. The fence can be no more than fifteen feet (15) from the curb. Eric Goodman's Austin FC column, other soccer news, All questions answered (satisfaction not guaranteed). The setback requirements for the HBD and CS zones shall be as follows: HBD CSL CSR Rear Setback 20 ft. (1) 10 ft 25 ft Front Setback (2) 0 ft. 10 ft 20 ft Side Setback (3) 0 / 10 ft. 0 / 10 ft. 0 / 10 ft. Whats Open Good Friday Perth, The customer does not apply for this permit. Hookah Lounge Beverly Hills, Additionally, Pool Builder is also responsible for assuring that pool enclosure complies with city, state and national barrier code requirements and is required to purchase a Fence Permit with the Pool Permit to assure that these conditions are met by completion of job. Fence at 512-284-8716. Council, Reserve and Rent Space at a City Facility, Request a Permit for a Large Outdoor Event, Request Recognition from Mayor Buddy Dyer, Apply for Financial Assistance for Your Event, Register to Receive Procurement Notifications, View Sole-Source Procurement Opportunities, Apply to be Recognized as an LGBTQ+ Owned Business at the City, Get Help in Finding Local Services and Resources, Orlando Fire Department Change of Command Ceremony, 2023 Arthur "Pappy" Kennedy 32nd Annual Prayer Breakfast, 2023 Interfaith Multicultural Celebration, Public Hearing for Packing District Complete Streets Improvements, Learn About or Apply for Rental Assistance, MLK Commission Great Day of Service Volunteer Opportunities, The Status of Civil Rights for Muslims Today, Little Shop of Horrors presented by Orlando Shakes, Lake Eola Park Mobile COVID-19 Vaccine Site, Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer's State of the City Address 2021, Friends of the Loch Haven Chain of Lakes Community Cleanup, Orlando Farmers Market Mobile COVID-19 Vaccine Site, Orlando City Hall Mobile COVID-19 Vaccine Site, Dr. James R. Smith Neighborhood Center Mobile COVID-19 Vaccine Site, City Council Workshop/Agenda Review August 23, 2021, John H. Jackson Neighborhood Center Mobile COVID-19 Vaccine Site, Hicks Avenue Extension Project Open House, The Nutcracker by the Russian Ballet of Orlando, Orlando Police Department Change of Command Ceremony, Exhibit - Pastel Society of Central Florida, 19th Annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Describe work proposed, existing site conditions, and any hardships in meeting city requirements. Section 341.0695 - Interactive Water Features and Fountains. A depiction of existing site features to remain (to be indicated in gray) and proposed improvements with clear distinction between what is existing and what is proposed. Setbacks are the same as for a principal structure. I Sylvester Hankins Park Neighborhood Center, Apply for a Tree Removal or Encroachment Permit, Find Rainfall, Water Quality and Lake Level Data, See Yourself as a Member of the Orlando Police Department, Apply to Become an Orlando Police Officer, Become a Police Department Emergency Communications Specialist (ECS), Sign up for the Cannabis Diversionary Program, Register Your Bicycle with the Orlando Police Department, Apply for the Hispanic Citizen Police Academy, Apply to Become an Orlando Police Airport Operations Officer, Apply for the Creole Citizen Police Academy, Enroll in Orlando Connect, Camera-Sharing Program, Sign Up for Swimming Lessons & Activities, Find Park and Recreation Activity Listings, Apply for City of Orlando Fall Youth Employment, Register for a Neighborhood Center Learning Pod, Educational Programs for Schools and Organizations, Request an Environmental Program for Your School or Group, Request a Tour of our Water Reclamation Facility, Request the Orlando Fire Department for an Event, Request Green Works to Speak at Your Event, Explore the Mennello Museum of American Art, Schedule a Tour, Field Trip or Outreach with Leu Gardens, Request a Private Group Class at the Pottery Studio, Request a Team Clay Workshop at the Pottery Studio, Request to Show Your Art in a City Gallery, Families, Parks and Recreation Department, Office of Business and Financial Services, Housing and Community Development Department, For Non-Profits and Community Organizations, Join the City's Community Engagement Group, View City Board Calendar, Minutes and Agendas, City of Orlando Visual, Branding Assets and Guidelines, Mennello Museum of American Art Board of Trustees, Consultants' Qualifications Board - RQS23-0001, Downtown South Neighborhood Improvement Dist. Wash or disinfect hands after any interaction with employees, other customers, or items in the park, beach, river or lake. Section 341.0645 - Pool Safety. If pool or deck is located within a 100-year floodplain, all mechanical and electrical equipment must be elevated no lower than one foot above the established base flood elevation. For advice on your specific facts and circumstances, consult a licensed attorney. 403 Nixon DriveRollingwood, TX, 78746 Barrier requirements are intended to provide against potential drowning and near drowning by restricting access to swimming pools, spas and hot tubs. We have been in the fencing business for decades and are experienced in erecting all kinds of fences. by | Jun 10, 2022 | tabak eimer 1000g luxemburg | bloomberg business reporters | Jun 10, 2022 | tabak eimer 1000g luxemburg | bloomberg business reporters Local Amendments 2021 Local Amendments became effective September 1, 2021. Posted on 8 Thng Hai, . Face coverings are strongly recommended while on the vehicle. city of dallas pool setback requirements Hola mundo! Maximum Building Height 48 ft. 48 ft. 48 ft. (1) Maybe located closer if parking is available underground with access to Judson . The city of Austin has set up impervious coverage restrictions for the footprint of all buildings falling within the city limits. Detached carports are considered to be accessory structures, and if located in the rear, 30% of the lot can be placed up to the side and rear property lines (except if an alley exists . Equipment should not be placed in areas specified by the drainage/utility easements. February 7, 2022. polaris slingshot sign . Must be screened from view from street, common areas, lakes, and abutting property [58.982], Proper screening: Opaque fencing, screenwall, shrubs/vegetation, or building < 1 ft. away [58.982], At least 1 ft. away from screening [Sec. Location and setback requirements include: Rear Yard - The pool and/or spa must . Go to the shop Go to the shop. <>>> Austin, Texas Area. % If applicable, show invert elevation of at the begin and end of trench/French drain. City of Woodland. tj springer wife services@everythingwellnessdpc.com (470)-604-9800 ; how to cite a foreign constitution chicago Facebook. 58, Part 5B(11) - Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs and Hydrospas, Engineering Standards Manual Chapters 5, 6 and 7, Erosion & Sedimentation Control for Construction Sites Guide. Keep in mind that anytime you approach the 45% mark, youll need to hire a survey company to calculate your new impervious coverage before and after construction to meet city requirements as you approach 45%. by. Swimming Pools . 58.901). <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 11 0 R 16 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> A note to readers: Bold and uncensored, The Austin Chronicle has been Austins independent news source for over 40 years, expressing the communitys political and environmental concerns and supporting its active cultural scene. . Report an Incorrectly Parked Dockless Bike or Scooter, Report Sanitary Overflow or Stopped Sewer, Renew, Extend, Close or Withdraw a Permit, Request a Pre-Application Meeting with a Planner, Apply for a Certificate of Appearance Approval, Apply for a Mural Permit for Your Business, Figure Out What Permits You Need for an Accessory Dwelling Unit, One Oak Self Storage Conditional Use & Master Plan, St. James School Ridgewood Easement Abandonment, Mahogany Point Warehouse Park Phase 3 Master Plan/SPMP, Eagle McCoy PD Amendment (incl. If elevated 3 ft. or more, follow accessory structure setbacks (Sec. For further information regarding the official version of any of this Code of Ordinances or other documents posted on this site, please contact the Municipality directly or contact American Legal Publishing toll-free at 800-445-5588. Provide the file name or sheet number impacted by the change(s). city of dallas pool setback requirements. Setbacks for corner lots are different if your corner lot does not form a block (two lots extend the length of one block and have abutting rear lot lines), then your side yard setback on the street-facing side is 30. The city of Austin defines a fence as any partition, structure, or grate erected as a dividing marker, barrier, or enclosure. In the City of Austin, a residential and/or commercial property owner does not need a permit to erect a fence if the fence height is 6 feet tall or lower. city of dallas pool setback requirements. Maybe try one of the links below or a search? Q: I own a corner lot, where can my fence be located in the side yard? Abbott modifies his COVID-19 executive order to eliminate jail time as punishment. It also has a fee. Q: Where can a pool addition be located on my residential lot? . Manages the people, process and tools for the City of Austin's Mobility . Building & Development Services 1102 Lohmans Crossing Lakeway, TX 78734 Erin Carr Building & Development Services Director Phone (512) 314-7540 Fax (512) 314-7541 A swimming pool, or other contained body of water that contains water eighteen inches or more in depth at any point and that is wider than eight feet at any point and is intended for swimming, shall be protected by an enclosure surrounding the pool area, as provided in this section. Click here for more information. View swimming pool information documents. City's Land Development Code: Ch. Swimming pool enclosures have additional fence requirements. If your property does form a block with the rear property, your side setback is 20. The City of Orlando's Guidelines for Erosion Sediment Control (commonly known as The Blue Sheet) will serve as a guide for the implementation of erosion sediment control measures. The setback is a sort of buffer zone surrounding your property; imagine it as the terrestrial moat of your castle, where building restrictions are a bit more prohibitive. Lularoe Christine Brown, Individuals aged 65 and older should stay at home as much as possible. The following items must be included as part of your permit submittal package. by AustinPoolBuilders | Jan 15, 2014 | Austin Pool Builders, Swimming Pool Education | 0 comments. 20-9-4, 2, 10-13-20). May 14, 2022 Uncategorized . If youre in need of a new fence or have a fence that requires repairs, the Austin fence company Viking Fence can help. #341 Electrical Pool Deck/Bonding - Bonding of the pool steel. Houston Service Helpline: 3-1-1. Verify reinforcement bar size, lap and spacing per construction plans. Example video title will go here for this video. These documents should not be relied upon as the definitive authority for local legislation. Zoning Department . The setback requirements from subsurface disposal and all other system types are five feet (5'). Swimming Pool & Spas; Applying for Permits. AUSTIN, Texas While Texas Gov. www.cityofaustin.org/development/zoning2.htm. You need a permit for both if you are in the Austin city limits. Includes roofs, driveways, decks, artificial turf. 2022-55, 9-12-2022). city of dallas pool setback requirements Hola mundo! Sec. Hazeltine National Dr. Extension), Eagle McCoy Framework Master Plan Amend & Phase 2 SPMP, New traffic signal at Virginia Drive and Alden Road, Narcoossee Road Widening and Improvements, Construction of New Orlando Tennis Centre, Drainage Improvements for Southeast Lakes, Lake Highland Drive/Alden Road Realignment and Utility Project, Econlockhatchee Trail Improvement Project, Lake Highland Utility Relocation & Improvement Project, East Pineloch Avenue Sanitary Sewer Removal & Replacement, The Emergency Operations Center Building Expansion, Lake of the Woods to Al Coith Park Drainage Improvements Project, Jefferson Street Drainage Improvement Project, Southwest Orlando Bike and Pedestrian Study, Public Notice for Proposed Drainage Project Colonial Town North, Ivanhoe Drainage Improvements, Continuation, Public Notice: Lake Highland Drainage Phase II, Resurfacing Project Along Tivoli Chase, Lake Champlain and Lee Vista, Carrier Drive Roadway Improvements and Roundabout Project, Resolve a Code Enforcement Issue Related to Permitting Compliance, Get Help With an Issue Not Covered by Code Enforcement, Register a Responsible Person for Your Business, Housing and Development Grants, Incentives and Assistance, Community Development Block Grants & Emergency Solutions Grants, Apply for Affordable Housing Development Incentives, Apply for a Freight Loading and Unloading Permit, View Photos of your Red Light Camera Violation, Dr. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts related closures, Winter Park St between Dade Ave and Formosa Ave, Dade Ave between Winter Park St and E Smith St, Altaloma Ave between Woodward Street and E Colonial Drive, Trash, Recycling & Yard Waste Pick-Up Schedule, Report a Missed Trash Cart, Recycling Cart or Yard Waste Pick-Up, Submit Commercial or Multifamily Recycling Verification, Request a Free Cooking Oil Recycling Container, Start Commercial Garbage or Recycling Service, Return Your Cooking Oil Recycling Container, Parks, Recreation & Neighborhood Centers Directory, Dr. Some properties in Austin have been grandfathered in and exceed this limit, some others have received a variance for additions. If the property is within the 1% annual chance flood, as depicted on FEMA FIRMs, proposed grading plan must s how the floodplain boundary. Footers for retaining walls, screen rooms or additions shown on the construction plans that are ready to be poured. ft. area. Examples of exterior mechanical equipment: Air Conditioning System, Pool Pump, Generator, Water Conditioning System, etc. . Orlando, Florida 32801 If enclosure height is 12 ft. or less: 15 ft. - Hnh thc thanh ton, - Chnh sch bo hnh The material in this column is for informational purposes only. An existing non-conforming fence may be maintained, but if replacement is required, the new fence must comply with current zoning requirements. For additional information contact TNR Development Services at (512) 854-9383. nemesis dreadknight size comparison; nemesis dreadknight size comparison; Email. 0 city of austin pool setback requirements city of dallas pool setback requirements. [Sec. 58, Part 5B(11) - Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs, Spas and Screen Enclosures, Building Code Florida Building Code Residential: Chapter 45, Electrical Code NFPA 70 National Electric Code 2017 Edition, Article 680. (a) If deemed advisable by the building department to issue a pool and/or screen enclosure permit, after investigation as to its propriety, same shall be issued by the building department to the owner permitting the construction of a swimming pool and/or screen enclosure to six (6) feet from the rear lot line and six (6) feet from the interior side lot line. Phone: 3-1-1; or visit 3-1-1 online Physical Address: 1520 Rutherford Lane, Austin, TX 78754 See Map Mailing Address: PO Box 142529, Austin, TX 78714 Send an E-Mail Open Hours: Lobby Hours: 7:45am - 3:30pm Monday - Friday Office Hours: 7:45am - 4:45pm Monday - Friday Have Feedback? Mike Bernoski, the owner of Prime Pool Service, says out of his 125 commercials pools he services, half will reopen May 8. Disclaimer: This Code of Ordinances and/or any other documents that appear on this site may not reflect the most current legislation adopted by the Municipality. Permanent fences and screen enclosures shall meet any and all requirements of Florida Building Code including any applicable requirements for any gate(s) and latch(es)., (Ord. These ordinances cover factors such as minimum lot sizes, building setbacks, parking, and scrub footage requirements. In addition, all new ordinances are posted in PDF format on our Municode site the week after a City Council meeting and remain there until the Code is updated.. Keep in mind that anytime you approach the 45% mark .